What Is Computer Engineering? Career Guide + FAQ

Computer engineering blends computer science and engineering and has applications in various fields, including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. As a computer engineer, you’ll find jobs in small and large multinational companies, along with solid earning potential and the opportunity to specialise.

Discover more about computer engineering, the expected salary, and the routes to starting this career path. 

What is computer engineering?

Computer engineering is a branch of computer science and electrical engineering. It combines several disciplines to design and develop software and hardware systems. In this field, you might create prototypes, implement components, and work with architectures and algorithms to optimise performance.  

What's the difference between computer science and computer engineering? 

Although computer science and computer engineering relate closely, they have a few key differences. Both require critical thinking, problem-solving and communication skills, and technical expertise. However, computer scientists focus more on theorising and developing ways to use software to solve real-world problems. They must be able to work with programming languages such as Python and Java. Computer engineers typically work more closely with hardware and computer systems as a whole. Computer engineering students gain programming skills to assist with software design but generally focus their studies on disciplines like electrical engineering and physics.

What do computer engineers do?

Computer engineers work with all aspects of computer operating systems, from software to robotics. As a computer engineer, you’ll work closely with other engineers and programmers to design computer systems and test their functionality. You’ll remain current with the latest technology and update software and hardware to keep systems running smoothly.

Where do computer engineers work?

Computer engineering professionals work in research labs, private sectors, and government departments. If you want to become a computer engineer, consider pursuing the specialisation or focus area that interests you. You can start researching engineering jobs by browsing job posts. Even if you aren't yet ready to apply, this exercise can help you get a feel for the differences in responsibilities and pay from industry to industry.  

How much do computer engineers make?

According to Glassdoor UK’s September 2024 data, the average annual salary for computer hardware engineers in the UK is £45,219 per year [1]. For the more broad category of computer engineers, Glassdoor lists an average salary of £44,241per year [2].

How to become a computer engineer

To become a computer engineer, you need a degree in a relevant subject such as computer science, computer engineering, or information technology. You may decide to boost your chances of an excellent job with a master’s degree.

If your degree isn’t in a relevant subject, or you're considering switching from another role, you may supplement your experience with certifications or a postgraduate conversion course.

Consider boosting your CV with a beginner-friendly option you can use to build a strong foundation of computer engineering knowledge, such as IBM’s Introduction to Hardware and Operating Systems. You can complete this online, self-paced course in just 17 hours. By the end, you'll be able to identify and describe internal desktop and laptop computer components, interfaces, and peripherals. You'll also earn a certificate from IBM, an industry leader in technology.

Essential workplace and technical skills for computer engineers

• Knowledge of operating systems

• Understanding of computer network and hardware architecture

• Digital and microprocessor engineering design

• Debugging and troubleshooting

• Strong written and verbal communication skills

• Problem-solving and analytical skills

• Critical and creative thinking

Computer engineering specialisations

You can specialise in a specific area of computer engineering by taking courses related to the field. A specialisation shows prospective employers you have expertise in that field and can give you an advantage against non-specialised computer engineers vying for the same job. Focus areas to consider include computer communications and networking, software, architecture, and cybersecurity. For example, you can specialise in the Internet of Things (IoT) by earning a certificate specialising in IoT devices. 

Engineering experience

The more experience you have as a computer engineer, the more employment prospects you’ll likely have. Internships and work-study programmes can give you early career experience to list on your CV. You can find employment and internship opportunities via various job boards, including general employment boards like Glassdoor and sites specialising in technical jobs like ITJobsWatch. Or, consider the following online, project-based course:

Build a Modern Computer from First Principles. In this guided programme, you will build a computer using a software-based hardware simulator, just like computer engineers design real computers. By the end, you'll have a project to add to your portfolio and a certificate for your CV.

Explore computer engineering further on Coursera

Computer engineering is an exciting career with opportunities in many industries. Before you can apply for a position, you must build the necessary skills, experience, and credentials. For example, to continue expanding your computer engineering expertise, you can enrol in IBM's online, beginner-friendly course, Introduction to Hardware and Operating Systems, offered on Coursera. By completing it, you’ll have built your foundational knowledge in computing fundamentals, troubleshooting workstations, and working with internal components.