Which Programming Language Should I Learn for App Development?

Determining the best programming language to help you reach your goals will depend on factors such as the type of application you want to build, the platform on which users will engage with your app, and your current level of experience. Consider these factors when deciding which programming language to learn next, and explore programming languages that can help you become an application developer. 

If you’re ready to start building your app development skills today, consider enrolling in the IBM iOS and Android Mobile App Developer Professional Certificate, where you’ll learn how to build Android apps using Android Studio, Java, Kotlin, and iOS apps using Swift and Xcode.

How developers learn programming languages 

Whether you want to learn your first or tenth programming language, you can find tutorials, courses, certifications, and other tools online to help you build beginner to advanced skills. Industry-wide, 82 percent of developers use online resources to learn to code, including [2]: 

- Technical documentation for programming languages: 83.9 percent

- Written tutorials: 68.4 percent

- Video-based courses: 49.9 percent

Which programming language should I learn for app development? 

As of 2024, JavaScript, HTML, Python, SQL, and TypeScript were the most widely used languages among software developers. When focusing specifically on professional developers, the top programming languages remain the same, with SQL taking second place. For those learning to code, the most popular languages are Python, HTML, JavaScript, Java, and C++ [1]. This survey data highlights the versatility and widespread use of languages like JavaScript, Python, and SQL. 

To determine which language to learn for app development, consider factors such as the types of apps you want to build, the language’s usability and learning curve, and the level of community support available. As an app developer, you may create software for various uses and users in different work environments. For example, you might work for a health care information company, developing apps that health care professionals use to access their data. Alternatively, you may be employed by a company to develop applications for their customers to use. You may also want to develop fun mobile apps as an independent developer. Each of these roles may prioritize different app development languages. 

Consider factors like: 

• The kind of app you want to build: If you want to build apps native to iOS and Android frameworks, you’ll need to learn the languages that work within that architecture (Swift for iOS and Kotlin for Android). If you plan to build web-based apps, you’ll want to consider learning popular front-end application languages like HTML, CSS, or JavaScript. It will also be important to consider how the language you use for building apps will work with other tools and frameworks. 

• Usability and learning curve: If you are learning a programming language for the first time, start with high-level languages, which resemble human language and are often more intuitive. If you have prior experience with programming languages, you may find learning low-level languages, which often require more complex commands and are less similar to human language, more accessible than a newer developer might.

• Community support: Many programming languages have robust online communities that provide additional resources for learning and working with the language. You can also consider the languages your colleagues know; having someone to turn to for questions or challenges can be invaluable.

Is Python good for app development?

Python is a versatile programming language commonly used for creating web-based and other types of applications. It offers web developers a variety of frameworks and tools, a robust support community, and a clear, easy-to-read syntax that can be more accessible for beginners. However, other languages provide more advantages when it comes to mobile app development. While Python can be used for mobile development, other languages tend to be better suited for building high-performance apps with native support for platforms like iOS. 

Top app development languages

Top app development languages include Swift, Kotlin, JavaScript, C++, SQL, and Java. Choosing which programming language to learn involves considering several factors. Some languages are inherently better suited for application development, particularly for specific platforms. For example, Kotlin and Swift are the native languages for Android and iOS apps, respectively, making them essential for mobile application developers targeting those platforms. Additionally, you can use other languages like JavaScript, C++, SQL, and Java to create mobile apps through multiplatform solutions, allowing for mobile versions of applications that users can also access via web browsers. 

Swift

Swift, developed by Apple, is the native programming language for Apple platforms, including iOS and Mac computers, making it a good choice if you want to design software specifically for Apple products. Swift is now a fast, open-source code with an easy-to-read syntax. In 2024, 6.5 percent of professional developers used Swift, and 63.3 percent reported wanting to use it in 2025 [1].

How to learn Swift: You can start learning Swift today with courses like Programming Fundamentals in Swift or a Professional Certificate, such as Meta iOS Developer Professional Certificate. 

Kotlin

Kotlin is a multiplatform language for creating Android apps as well as applications for iOS, Windows, and Linux operating systems, among others. It is also interoperable with Java, which makes it flexible to use with Java-based tools and intuitive for developers who already know Java. In 2024, 12.3 percent of professional developers used Kotlin, and 60.9 percent responded that they would like to use it in 2025 [1].

How to learn Kotlin: You can start building skills with Kotlin with courses like Kotlin for Java Developers or a Professional Certificate like the Meta Android Developer Professional Certificate. 

JavaScript

JavaScript is a front-end language for developing user interfaces (UIs) for mobile or web applications. It allows you to create elements that users can interact with for a more engaging and dynamic experience. JavaScript is flexible, and you can use it in many different applications. Plus, it offers various resources and a thriving community. JavaScript is one of the world’s most commonly used programming languages, with 64.6 percent of developers using the language in 2024 [1].

How to learn JavaScript: You can start learning JavaScript on Coursera with courses like Programming with JavaScript or Introduction to HTML, CSS, & JavaScript. 

C++

C++ is a flexible back-end language used for creating applications, embedded systems, and more. C++ allows you to create fast, lightweight programs and can also handle more powerful solutions, like extracting data from large data sets. C++ is suitable for multiplatform and mobile development for iOS, Android, and Windows operating systems. In 2024, 18.3 percent of developers used C++, and 53.1 percent expressed interest in using it in 2025 [1].

How to learn C++: You can enhance your C++ skills through Specializations on Coursera, including the Programming in C++: A Hands-on Introduction Specialization offered by Codio or the C++ Programming for Unreal Game Development Specialization offered by the University of Colorado. 

SQL

SQL is a programming language specifically designed to interact with databases. As an app developer, you may need databases to store information related to your application, such as authentication details (usernames and passwords)to facilitate user logins. This skill is essential for any kind of app, whether users access your project via a mobile device, web browser, or embedded system. Learning SQL is beneficial for developers looking to acquire back-end development skills. In 2024, 37.4 percent of developers used SQL, and 67.4 percent indicated a desire to use it in 2025 [1].

How to learn SQL: You can start building your SQL skills with courses like Microsoft Azure SQL offered by Microsoft or through Professional Certificates like the IBM Full Stack Software Developer Professional Certificate, both offered on Coursera.

Java

Java is one of the oldest programming languages still relevant today and is an object-oriented back-end language. Originally the native language for Android apps, it has since been complemented by Kotlin. The two languages are interoperable, allowing you to use Java alongside Kotlin when creating apps for Android devices. Additionally, Java is suitable for developing web applications due to its adaptability across different web browsers. In 2024, 17.9 percent of developers used Java, and 47.6 percent expressed interest in using it in 2025 [1].

How to learn Java: You can start learning Java through programs on Coursera, such as the Java Programming and Software Engineering Fundamentals Specialization offered by Duke University or the IBM Java Developer Professional Certificate.

Learn a programming language for app development on Coursera

Learning new skills is essential in app development, an industry where technologies constantly evolve and trends shift quickly. Whether you're just starting out or are already working in the field, learning a new programming language can help you stay current, prepare for new types of work, and advance your career. 

With Coursera Plus, you can learn and earn credentials at your own pace from over 170 leading companies and universities. With a monthly or annual subscription, you’ll gain access to over 10,000 programs—just check the course page to confirm your selection is included. 

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